Through the European Directive REACH in 2007, alternative methods have gained increased importance as non-animal tools for the toxicological assessment of chemical compounds. In this context, the 3R principle of reducing, refining and replacing animal testing has resulted in a paradigm shift toward integrated testing strategies (ITS) that aim at exploiting the combined information generated from several non-animal methods in order to – partly or fully – replace a given animal experiment. In the presentation, respective non-test (in silico) and test (in chemico, in vitro) methods are outlined for industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals, focussing on chemoassays,1 read-across,2 structural alerts,3 computational chemistry,4 and chemoavailability5 for predicting reactive toxicity and metabolic acti-vation through P450 catalysis.