Although the distribution range of the Common Hamster in Romania has been covered in several papers (Hamar et al. 1959, Murariu 1998, Hegyeli et al. 2015), the present knowledge on its distribution from literature is unsatisfying, being based on incomplete historical date, only recently reports, or areas drawn without being based on real points of distribution. Generally, the Common Hamster distribution is considered to cover a large part of the country, from lowland up to 700 m altitude with a special case in Dobruja, where the species has not been reported for over a century and is considered absent, although it is reported further south in Bulgaria. In the Republic of Moldova rather complete information on common hamster distribution range, biology and ecology can be found in some papers from the past century (Lozan, 1966, 1971; Averin et al., 1979). New data on common hamster are published only after 2000, where some general information is presented (Munteanu 2004). The species is considered widely spread all over the republic territory, due to pronounced anthropization degree of all the ecosystems, including natural ones. It is absent only in deep compact forest stands from Codri forest in the central part. It is more abundant in steppe areas of Bălți in the north and of Bugeac in the south. The aim of this study was to establish the current distribution range of the common hamster in Romania and Republic of Moldova, with a glimpse on the conservation status. We reviewed distribution records from all the available bibliographical references, and the mammal collections of several institutions (National Museum of Natural History Grigore Antipa, Research and Development Institute of Plant Protection – ICDPP, Faculty of Biology from Bucharest University), adding personal observations of the authors and verified citizen science records. All of these records were plotted with a 10x10 km UTM grid and were used to create a comprehensive distribution map including both historical and recent records. To be able to compare this area with the ones published in the past, we digitized distribution maps available from reference literature and crossed paths with a UTM grid of 10 x 10 km, resulting in a number of squares for each of them. References about the distribution of Common Hamster in Romania were identified in 40 bibliographical sources, totaling together with the other sources examined, a number of 104 localities, distribution covering 91 squares UTM 10 x 10 km, from all periods and all over Romania. Thus the distribution of the Common Hamster overlaps with 57 landscape units, intersected with UTM grid squares gives the probability of coverage for this species in 814 squares UTM 10 x 10 km. Although the apparent surface area is considerably smaller than previously mapped areas in the literature, this can be explained rather by the lack of accuracy in plotting areas in the past than on its decline. The bibliographical sources and field studies in R.Moldova indicate 34 localities of common hamster distribution, mostly in the central, northern and western parts of the republic. We consider that the distribution of the Common Hamster in Romania did not change significantly in the last decades, as other authors also noticed, but regarding the population size, we expect that it declined as in many parts of Europe. In the Republic of Moldova the population of common hamster is actually strongly fragmented, with mosaic spreading in open type habitats and at ecotone areas. There is observed the spatial and numerical decreasing of common hamster population all over the territory. The common hamster is a protected species in Romania and Europe, being a Natura 2000 species, included in Annex IV of EU Habitats and Species Directive, Bern Convention (Appendix II), and listed as Vulnerable in the Romanian red list of vertebrates (Murariu 2005). It is included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, 3rd edition (2015) as vulnerable species. Recent studies on monitoring this species concluded that the conservation status is favorable (Mihăilescu et al. 2015), but there is no action plan at governmental level regarding the conservation measures that are needed for this species. The work was performed within the fundamental project 15.187.0211F and within inter‑academic exchanges between Romania and Republic of Moldova.