The reform of the security sphere should be done taking into account the geopolitical conjuncture, the regional security environment in the South-Eastern Europe and the national interest of the Republic of Moldova. The status of permanent neutrality of the Republic of Moldova, which served as grounds to substantiate and institutionalize the Moldovan national security, needs to be reassessed, because of getting obsolete and its failure to ensure the stability and multidimensional security in the context of new threats, risks and vulnerabilities faced by the Republic of Moldova that can be reduced only by creating the buffer zone based on Euro-Atlantic oriented integration mechanisms.