Borders, being dividing lines between states, caused disadvantages for people living in border regions due to the fact that economic activity, trade and population tended to concentrate closer to centre of the national states. The barrier effect was reinforced during the last centuries by military, administrative and socio-economic policies carried out by neighbouring countries. Thus, in order to overcome historical barriers and tackle common problems of peripherality caused by barrier effect of national borders since 1950 some border regions have been initiated and developed cross-border cooperation. In order to deal more efficiently with those problems some cross-border local and regional structures have appeared such as Euroregions or similar structures. Later, with the establishment of a European Single Market and democratic developments in Central and Eastern Europe at the end on 1980th, the cross-border cooperation has developed even further. The regional development policy promoted by the European Union through its instruments INTERREG and PHARE/TACIS CBC had a catalyst role for the development of cross border cooperation. Moldova among some other CIS countries has also benefited of theEU assistance aimed at developing cross-border cooperation with Romania. Now with the Romanian accession to the EU cross-border cooperation becomes an important element not only in relations between Romanian border regions and Moldova, but a step forward in developing closer relations with EU.