Abstract: Abstract: Geological explorations and useful mineral deposits exploitations inevitably affect the environment: causes failures and landslides, mistuning dynamic regime of the groundwater, polluting the atmosphere, etc. Before 1990 year (the decayed of USSR) ores exploitation, which were achieved by large mining enterprises were under strict control of Geological-Mining State Inspectorate. This institution not only manage all technological mining cycle, but also required and concrete measures to reduce ecological damage caused by underground exploitations, and to carry out recultivation program of mining works after liquidation of enterprise. Currently in Republic of Moldova in parallel with industrial mining companies have emerged both small enterprises, which exploited deposits of limestone, sand, clay, based on licenses, and “enterprises” that have been actuated illegal. In the following way, the control of mining activities from the state, has became less effective and therefore every year the damage caused this enterprises, particularly those unauthorized, are increasing. Because generally the nature present a integral system found in a dynamic equilibrium, the introduction of artificial changes in one component of ecosystem, instantly will provoke unpredictable changes, and sometimes drastically in others areas – animal and vegetable world, the hydrological cycle, climate regime, etc