Tuberculosis is a priority issue of public health in the Republic of Moldova. The TB epidemiological situation has worsened considerably during the last years. Despite the number of newly registered cases remaining relatively constant, the share of destructive and sputum-positive forms in the structure of prevalence is very high. All these patients need hospitalization and treatment until becoming non-infectious. At the same time a significant reduction in the number of TB beds could be observed lately. Creating new hospitals or increasing the number of beds is not possible due to financial constraints. Thus, the efficient treatment should be guaranteed by improving the organizational forms of treatment, including ambulatory treatment of non-infectious patients in the acute phase under the supervision and control of the TB specialist, and offering of a series of incentives/enablers to increase the adherence to treatment and the cure rate.