The paper is aimed to present the state of food security problems in the Republic of Moldova during the period 2000 2010. It is based on the statistical data provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry, National Bureau of Statistics and FAOstat. The data have been processed into a set of food security indicators. The nowadays food security challenges in the Republic of Moldova have two major dimensions. The first dimension seeks to maintain and increase the country’s ability to face the national food demands through assurance of the internal food production. The second dimension is related to the reduction of the increasing inequalities and expansion of the poverty among the majority of the population of the Republic of Moldova. In order to assure the sustainable development of the national agri-food sector it is necessary to implement measures for creation of a diversified and labor intensive farm sector and non-farm activities, integrated vertically and horizontally with other sectors of the national economy. Support of the publicprivate partnership programs with the intensive use of the rural labor force could solve some of chronic problems related to the food insecurity, unemployment and underdeveloped infrastructure. As a conclusion, the economic growth resulted from programs implemented will contribute to the rural poverty alleviation, and subsequently to the assurance of the sustainable development of the agri-food sector and national food security.