The author of the paper makes a presentation of the book “Byzantium, the Oriental Roman World, and the Romanians in the Middle Ages”, written by the historian Tudor Teoteoi and published in 2020. It is a volume of collected studies dedicated to the relationships between the Romanians, the Byzantine Empire, the post-Byzantine Greek environment, as well as to the presence of the Byzantine heritage in different fields of the Romanian medieval society. Through the study of concrete details, the author sketches a complex image of the topic under study. The Byzantine cultural influence in the Romanian Countries was a complex process that included similar realities, common mentalities, as well as a definite manifestation of the Romanian identity.