Ecological specificities of Rodents (Rodentia) – pests of agricultural crops. The aim of the paper is to elucidate the ecological features and factors that limit the population of rodent species that are pests of agricultural crops and to develop measures to predict the increase in their population. A very important condition for the manifestation of the reproductive potential of rodents in the agrocenosis is the capacity of agricultural crops during the vegetation period and winter refuge. Damage prevention is possible only by correctly determining the harmfulness threshold.