Legal protection of human rights in the online environment is a current topic, given that more and more people spend time on the internet and carry out their daily activities in the virtual world. The member states of the Council of Europe have the duty to respect, protect, and ensure the exercise of the rights and freedoms contained in the instruments ratified by them. In this context, the protection of human rights such as the right to privacy and confidentiality, freedom of expression, and access to information becomes increasingly important and must be guaranteed in the online environment. However, these rights are vulnerable to cyber attacks and data breaches, as illustrated by Yahoo`s cyber attack in 2013. Legal instruments such as the Convention of the Council of Europe for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data and the Recommendation of the Council of Europe on the Protection and Promotion of the Right to Freedom of Expression and the Right to Private Life with Regard to Network Neutrality provide the normative basis for protecting these rights.