Control over the Surface Properties of Zinc Oxide Powders via Combining Mechanical, Electron Beam, and Thermal Processing

Averin Igor; Komolov Alexey; Korotchenkov Ghenadii

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2023-09-13 16:35

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, , AVERIN, Igor, , , , , KOMOLOV, Alexey, , , , , , , KOROTCHENKOV, Ghenadii. Control over the Surface Properties of Zinc Oxide Powders via Combining Mechanical, Electron Beam, and Thermal Processing. In: Nanomaterials, 2022, vol. 12, pp. 1-9. ISSN 2079-4991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12111924

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Nanomaterials

Volumul 12 / 2022 / ISSN 2079-4991 /ISSNe 2079-4991

Control over the Surface Properties of Zinc Oxide Powders via Combining Mechanical, Electron Beam, and Thermal Processing

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12111924

Pag. 1-9

¹, Averin Igor¹, ¹, ¹, Komolov Alexey², ², ³, ⁴, Korotchenkov Ghenadii⁵

¹ Penza State University,
² St Petersburg University,
³ St. Petersburg State University of Technology (Technical University),
⁴ Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI,
⁵ Moldova State University

Proiecte:

Menționat în lucrare: 20.80009.5007.02 Materiale nanostructurate avansate pentru aplicații termoelectrice și senzori

Disponibil în IBN: 30 august 2023

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The surface properties of zinc oxide powders prepared using mechanical activation, electron beam irradiation, and vacuum annealing, as well using combinations of these types of treatments, were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structure of the obtained materials was studied by an X-ray diffraction technique and by scanning electron microscopy. We found that over five hours of grinding in an attritor, the size of nanocrystals decreases from 37 to 21 nm, and microdeformations increase from 0.3% to 0.6%. It was also found that a five-hour grinding treatment promoted formation of vacancies in the zinc sublattice at the surface and diffusion of Zn²⁺ cations into the bulk of the material. Irradiation of commercial zinc oxide powders with an electron beam with an energy of 0.9 MeV and a dose of 1 MGy induced breaking of Zn–O bonds, diffusion of interstitial zinc ions into the bulk, and oxygen atom escape from regular positions into the gas phase. A combined treatment of five hours of grinding and electron beam irradiation promoted accumulation of interstitial zinc ions at the surface of the material. Annealing of both initial and mechanically activated ZnO powders at temperatures up to 400 °C did not lead to a significant change in the properties of the samples. Upon exceeding the 400 °C annealing temperature the X-ray photoelectron spectra show almost identical atomic composition of the two types of materials, which is related to diffusion of interstitial zinc ions from the bulk of the material to the surface.

Cuvinte-cheie
electron beam (e-beam) irradiation, surface, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zinc oxide

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