In the context of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine and the ongoing events in this crucial period of national history, the issue of mentality as a sociocultural and ethno-psychological phenomenon has become particularly relevant. This is quite natural because our mental models have rapidly been reformatted in extreme circumstances. The society has united in the struggle for national interests and civilizational values, revealing the dominant traits of the Ukrainian mentality. By demonstrating their character through action, Ukrainians have broken many stereotypes and turned the focus of attention on themselves, making the whole world talk about their bravery, heroism, love of freedom, unity, economy, and more. Based on the urgency of the problem and the sphere of my own scientific interests, I have investigated how the economic mentality of Ukrainians and basic features of the national character such as antheism, industriousness, and entrepreneurship manifest themselves in the conditions of today’s war. Various spheres of life activity, including private, public, and trench, were taken into consideration. The results of scientific research and preliminary analysis of collected ethnographic materials allow us to formulate several important provisions. The war imposed on Ukraine in the 21st century did not dull but, on the contrary, highlighted such typical features of the Ukrainian character as entrepreneurship and industriousness. Facing the war, Ukrainians demonstrated their natural ability to intelligently and economically manage the household, which has always been inherent in their ethnicity. At the same time, they demonstrated adaptability, the ability to find ways and forms (whether individual or collective) of rational economic activity in crisis situations. In wartime, the archetype of land remains a determining factor. Despite all circumstances, Ukrainians preserve their traditional behavioral patterns. The economic mentality is likewise manifested in both peasants and townspeople, and not only in the rear but also at the front.