The article reveals the problem of SMEs access to finance and the role played by banks in financing entrepreneurial activity. The purpose of the research is to analyse the role of bank lending in financing enterprises in the Republic of Moldova. Research methods used: literature review, analysis of statistical data, comparison and synthesis. It was determined that banks are the main providers of external financing for businesses. At the same time, enterprises encounter difficulties in accessing bank loans due to high interest rates, collateral requirements. Thus, in the current economic conditions, a number of SMEs encountered difficulties in paying loans. It was stated that in addition to improving the accessibility of traditional sources of financing, it is important to diversify and promote alternative sources of financing.