Bank fraudis the activity (or complex of activities) related to the use of illegal means to obtain certain profits (money, assets, or other property) owned by the banking institution or its customers, by fraudulently claiming to be a bank or other financial institution. It has existed since the establishment of banking activity and tends to be connected to the technological progress in the banking field. Bank fraud can be of internal, external, or mixed origins. In general, bank frauds in the Republic of Moldova correspond to the level of development of banking activity, but at the same time, there is the possibility of permanent takeover of international experience to combat them. The culminating expression of the banking fraud in the Republic of Moldova was the "Robbery of the Century", carried out through dubious schemes and foreign exchange transactions carried out at BEM, Unibank, and the Social Bank. This resulted in costs for the public finances of extinguishing and servicing the 13.34 billion lei, for a total amount of 25 billion lei in the next 25 years. All these required the approval of a new framework of prudential regulation and the taking of measures for the recovery of the administrative framework of commercial banks in the Republic of Moldova. Also, the NBM, together with the commercial banks, carries out a permanent activity of raising the financial culture of the bank clients. These activities inspire confidence in the efficiency of anti-fraud management in banking institutions in the Republic of Moldova.