Introduction:Premature birth remains a public health problem, the consequences of medical, psychological and economic impact. Its incidence at present is 5-12% of cases. This issue remains the subject of numerous medical and social studies. Despite advances in obstetrics and neonatology, prematurity, until now, influences perinatal indices, representing 65% of neonatal deaths and 50% of neurological disability occurred in childhood and adulthood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of premature birth risk factors commonly involved in the installation of preterm labor and perinatal outcomes during 2011-2012 years. Materials and methods: The clinical study was based on a retrospective analysis of 908 medical records of patients whichhad delivered preterm in the Obstetrics Department,Institute of Mother and Child Care, during 2011-2012years. Results: After analyzing the cases of premature births an increased incidence of infectious factor was observed, in the occurrence of preterm labor. Premature preterm rupture of membranes is a direct consequence of ascending infectious aggression. In 2011, the preterm premature rupture of membranes triggered 220 births (43% of cases), and 194 cases (42%) in 2012. Long latency period (≥ 18h) occurred in 131 (25%) and 95 (21%) of cases. On the background of urogenital infection 48 women delivered prematurely(9.6%) in 2011 and 22 (4.79%) in 2012, from which 13 (2.6%) and 5 (1%) women have developed clinical chorioamnionitis. In 2011, 281 were physiological vaginal births, which constitute 63.43%, by caesarean section were extracted 125 newborns (36.5%). In 2012similar reports have been noted 345 cases (67.12%) vs. 121 cases (32.88%). As main indications forcaesarean section have served major obstetrics complications of pregnancy and delivery such as premature departure of normally inserted placenta (3.30% of cases in 2011 and 1.81% in 2012), severe preeclampsia (8.93% cases in 2011 and 11.06% in 2012). Of the total number of premature newborns, 230 children in 2011 vs. 184 children in 2012 required extra care in general pediatric and neuropediatrics wards due to perinatal morbidity. Primary causes that led to their treatment in specialized wards were: prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, intrauterine growth retardationof the fetus,obstetricalasphyxia, congenital pneumonia and sepsis. Conclusions: The infectious factors are freguently involved the onset of preterm labor.Perinatal morbidity and mortality are directly related to prematurityand gestational age at which teh delivery had occured.Prematurity does not serve as direct indication to operative pregnancy termination. The duration of latency period is directly related to infectious complications in the postpartum period.