This article aims to present some theoretical perspectives on test anxiety, which is a variable specific to the school or academic environment present in many students. This topic is approached by various authors, being explored several factors that influence test anxiety. Against the background of rapid socio-economic and technological transformations, this issue must be addressed in terms of individual, family, social, school factors. At the same time, is outlined the importance of taking into account the socio-political context of the educational process, the existing discrepancies between sectors (Arab and Hebrew sectors, Israel) in terms of resources and in terms of academic achievements.