During recent years biotechnological methods and, particularly, in vitro techniques have acquired more and more significance in different fields of life. The aim of this study was to elaborate the in vitro technologies for different species of medicinal plants. The results obtained in our investigations showed a significant effect of medium composition, the nature and physiological state of initial explants. On the basis of the conducted researchthe optimal chemical and physical conditions of in vitro cultivation were developed. The possibility was shown of the elaborated techniques application for producing new source vegetal material, preservation and micropropagation of valuable elite plants, obtaining virus free plants, producing biologically active substances in callus cultures of medicinal plants.