Ichthyological investigations, which have been conducted in the Prut River basin during 2010-2015, established an ichthyofauna composed of 55 fish species, assigned to 11 families and 8 orders: ord. Acipenseriformes, fam. Acipenseridae (1 species); ord. Clupeiformes, fam. Clupeidae (1 species); ord. Esociformes, fam. Esocidae (1 species); ord. Cypriniformes, fam. Cyprinidae (27 species), fam. Balitoridae (1 species), fam. Cobitidae (5 species); ord. Siluriformes, fam. Siluridae (1 species); ord. Gadiformes, fam. Lotidae (1 species); ord. Gasterosteiformes, fam. Gasterosteidae (2 species); ord. Sygnathiformes, fam Sygnathidae (1 species); ord. Perciformes, fam. Percidae (6 species), fam. Gobiidae (5 species), fam. Centrarchidae (1 species), fam. Odontobutidae (1 species). The number of identified species has undergone insignificant changes (Popa, 1977-56 species; Bulat et al., 2015-55 species), but the qualitative components of ichthyocenosis and taxon share in captures have changed essentially. A continuous substitution of large size native species with small or medium size allogenic species or opportunist intervenients is observed, which recently demonstrated a significant expansion rate. However, some representatives of community importance are still quite common in captures e.g. Alosa tanaica (Beleu lake in the spring), Barbus barbus (riverbed), Chondrostoma nasus (riverbed), Vimba vimba (riverbed and the Costesti–Stanca lake), Ballerus sapa (riverbed and Costesti–Stanca lake), Pelecus cultratus (lower sector), Leuciscus idus (lower sector), Alburnoides bipunctatus (medial sector of riverbed), Sabanejewia balcanica (riverbed), Lota lota (medial sector of riverbed), Gymnocephalus baloni (lower sector), Zingel zingel (some habitats in the lower river sector), etc. Among the fish species that currently show an obvious biological progression and hold the largest share in the captures of the Prut River basin (within the borders of the Republic of Moldova) there are: Carassius auratus s. lato (in all biotopes), Blicca bjoerkna (lower sector), Rutilus rutilus (in all biotopes), Pseudorasbora parva (floodplains and tributaries), Rhodeus amarus (floodplains and affluents), Alburnus alburnus (in all biotopes), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (lower sector), Gymnocephalus cernua, G. baloni (lower sector, including Beleu and Manta lakes), Neogobius fluviatilis, Babka gymnotrachelus and Proterorhinus semilunaris (Prut riverbed and and tributaries), Perca fluviatilis (Costesti-Stanca lake, the medial riverbed), Cobitis elongatoides (tributaries and floodplains), Lepomis gibbosus (floodplains of the lower sector), Perccottus glenii (tributaries of medial sector and floodplains), etc. The main risks existing in the Prut River basin, with major negative impact on ichthyofauna state are obstacles to movement of fish (construction of dams, ports, dams shore, fences, silt plugs, etc.), destruction of wet areas (diking and silting), degradation of protection strips, sand extraction and dredging, water pollution with pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, solvents, drugs, bioinvasion, illegal fishing, etc. In this context, a series of recommendations are forward for the recovery and improvement of the ichthyofauna state of the Prut River basin, including: 1) reconstruction of fish habitats and expanding of protected areas; 2) pollution reducing; 3) providing favorable conditions for reproduction during the prohibition period; 4) total ban of industrial fishing and development of amateurish fisheries infrastructure; 5) ecological-industrial reproduction of native species with potentially major regulator and more active use of biomanipulation method in preventing bioinvasion and active eutrophication phenomenon