Territorial behavior  strategies of the common newt male (Triturus vulgaris l.)  in the ecosystems of central forest
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TODERASH, Ion, PLOP, Larisa, COZARI, Tudor. Territorial behavior  strategies of the common newt male (Triturus vulgaris l.)  in the ecosystems of central forest. In: Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change, 12-13 octombrie 2016, Chișinău. Chișinău: Institutul de Zoologie, 2016, Ediția 9, pp. 284-286. ISBN 978-9975-3022-7-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53937/9789975302272.145
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Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change
Ediția 9, 2016
Conferința "Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change"
Chișinău, Moldova, 12-13 octombrie 2016

Territorial behavior  strategies of the common newt male (Triturus vulgaris l.)  in the ecosystems of central forest

DOI:https://doi.org/10.53937/9789975302272.145

Pag. 284-286

Toderash Ion1, Plop Larisa2, Cozari Tudor3
 
1 Institute of Zoology ASM,
2 Military Academy of the Armed Forces “Alexandru cel Bun”,
3 Tiraspol State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 16 noiembrie 2018



Teza

The character carrying the reproductive behavior of the species of newts is often determined by adjustments to specific conditions living environment and peculiarities specio- specific and, therefore, can serve as taxonomic characters reliable and effective investigations related to the origin and ties phylogenetic of species from the order Caudata. Pre-trial stage of manifestation of behavior Suite itself, is the selection and protection of individual territories by males. Common newt Males (Triturus vulgaris), unlike those of notched newt (T. cristatus), being of smaller size, which in large part determines its capabilities more modest impairments and lower resistance at relatively low temperatures during spring, leaving their forest habitats hibernation later. As a result, they enter the aquatic breeding ponds over 3-7 days since the first appearing of notched newt males. Meanwhile the territorial distribution of newt notched males virtually ended, which, moreover, determine the character of individual sectors of occupied by common newt. It was stated that within reproduction basins of these two syntonic species of newts there is still doesn’t exist a strict separation breeding stations, which are usually spatially overlapped. Thus, from the 14th basins investigated the Reservation “Codrii” was not found any aquatic basins in which to reproduce only one of the two species, or the more stations for breeding within the 6 basins populated by these species (42.8% of ponds examined) be clearly separated spatially. However, the available space for aquatic breeding basins no. 5, 6 , 7, 8, 10, „Crossroads Ciuciuleni”, which is 15.3 to 46.4 % of the total aquatic lakes , notched newt colonize up to 78%, common newt, therefore, strongly oppressed space. Another essential aspect of reproductive syntrophic of these two species of newts is the fact that common newt, in fact, exhibit opportunist territorial behavior, which is manifested by occupying territories peripheral and less accessible for T. cristatus on the smaller ground depth or vegetation more often, which is a serious impediment for males notched newt who have a waist larger body. It was noted that the character of distribution of surface and configuration of occupied reproductive territories by common newt influences more the density and breeding population of notched newt, therefore, to mitigate this negative effect of Territorial suppressing the species T. cristatus, period and reproduction rate of the common newt is, to some extent, slightly „delayed”. Every male in the very first hours of its entry into water is choosing an individually territory with an area of between 0.4-1.2 m2, which is marked on the perimeter by using „chemical markings” - persistent cloacal smelling secretions. During marking its individual territories males take some „tagging photo”: trunk is bent down, head and cloaca directed to the waterline, taken position facilitates the pasting the cloaks with objects that are applied markings - branches on the bottom, plant stems submerged rocks, boulders on the bottom of lakes etc.. Applying a mark lasts 15-35 sec., but the whole process of application of the 8-14 marks - up to 30 minutes. It was observed that after the used character of protected space, males do not have favorite certain areas for stopping in the individual territory is most often determined by the places most suitable for hanging submerged objects or those with a greater view of field. Periodically, once in 1-3 minutes, males are moving diffuse in the individual territories; these movements are conditioned „by seeking female” and / or „demonstration” given the fact that the territory is occupied (addressed to a non- territorial males or to the others surrounding it). Common newt males doesn’t show antagonism and never attack the notched newt male (presumably due to the size stately thereof or that the species concerned is a fearsome predator of common newt), however, the emergence of another rival conspecific they are acting promptly initially “by arching body” and/or “intimidation jumps” carried out at 15-25 cm from the opponent, and even through direct attacks and strokes with nose in the trunk of intruder. Most often, however, these territorial conflicts are quickly completed (2-3 min.) and are limited to more ritualized „antagonistic demonstrations”. Another deterrent effect it has on the opponent distant water jet containing cloaca pheromones, which is headed by the male resident intruder by frequent movements of the tail. As a result, the intruders leave, usually these protected territories and the male territorial excited yet powerful, fast moving, but diffusely, via its territory, imitating the “fakes” on an opponent who is already outside protected.