Transboundary animal diseases represent a continuous threat for domestic and wild animal populations. Challenges in this matter include re-emergence, refusal of vaccination or anti-microbial resistance. The current use of fast transport on long distances can facilitate the spread of communicable diseases. The direct impact of these diseases in the field of agriculture and public health is a serious limitation for the export of live animals and animal products, as well as for international trade. Moreover, their implications also reach the food security matter, and may have a high socio-economic impact on the exporting countries, due to the high costs of the measures taken individually, collectively and internationally, to prevent or control them. The implementation of the structured measures in the control programs is based on a series of rational conclusions and decisions, which, however, cannot be founded on the lack of epidemiological information. In this sense, the present synthesis includes an update regarding the distribution in Romania of the main transboundary animal of current interest.