Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke is the leading cause of adult disability, the second leading cause of dementia and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Materials and methods: In November 2015, we initiated an epidemiological study to assess the risk factors for stroke specific to the population of the Republic of Moldova. Results and discussion: The study included 1274 subjects, 757 (59%) women and 517 (41%) men. The mean age was 47.9 ± 13.6 years. The most common risk factors identified were: abdominal obesity (74%), general obesity (40%), dyslipidemia (59%), hypertension (32%), hereditary history of cerebral vascular disease (24%) and atherosclerotic plaques (21%). Conclusions: Abdominal and general obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension were the most common risk factors identified. Stroke prevention is a complex medical and social problem, and the need to expand primary stroke prevention actions is urgent.