Introduction: Women are a vulnerable group that is often neglected during wars, because most the health consequences occurring in the post-conflict period (Jain et al., 2022). Women with traumatic histories are more likely to use psychoactive substances like tobacco (Iliadou et al., 2019). Smoking is one of the leading health risk factors. It plays an important role for female mortality trends (Grigoriev, Klüsener, & van Raalte, 2022). Purpose: To analyse the peculiarities of female smoking that need to be taken into account for the development of health promotion measures. Material and methods: The materials were based on the results of a cross-sectional study of female lifestyles conducted in the pre-pandemic period in Chernivtsi Oblast (with a focus on the group of people employed at the Kalynivkiy market). Bibliosemantic and statistical methods were used.Results: According to the study, among women of working age, the frequency of smoking (20.1%) increased with decreasing education level (from 17.0% to 23.7%), market employment (25.0%) with the exception of women from the countryside (13.1%). In the market, 65.6% of women were exposed to tobacco smoke (including passive), 68.8% of female smokers smoked in the company of others, 27.6% of female smokers smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day. Smoking was correlated with stress, depression, and more frequent alcohol consumption (OR 3.7 (95% CI) (2.4 -5.8)). Each new day of war in Ukraine the burden of grief, stress and loses on civilian and military women increases significantly. It becomes an impetus for smoking initiation and intensification. Conclusions: The development of measures to preserve female health and smoking cessation during the war and in the post-war period should take into account the traumatic experience and psychological state of women. The organization of health promotion is more effective if it is directed also to their families and team members.