Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization has estimated th increasing incidence of new cases of tuberculosis, of latent forms and with multiple and extended resistance required the acceleration of the research and elaboration of the anti-tuberculosis drugs by elucidating new targets. The search for novel compounds to be used either alone or in combination with other drugs to treat susceptible tuberculosis and drug resistant tuberculosis infections has become a major goal of drug discovery programs. Analysis and elucidation of new mechanisms of action of antituberculosis drugs. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the available anti-tuberculosis preparations act through the following mechanisms: A. Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: 1) inhibitors of mycolic acid synthesis (isoniazid, ethionamide, pretionamide, delamanid, pyrazinamide, thioacethasone); 2) inhibitors of arabinogalactan synthesis (ethambutol); 3) peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors (meropenem, imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cycloserine, capuramycin). B. Protein synthesi inhibitors: 1) aminoglycosides (streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin); 2) macrolides (clarithromycin etc. 3) oxazolidinedinones (linezolid, sutezolid, delpazolid, contezolid, etc .); 4) pyrazinamide analogues (pyrazinamide); C. RNA and DNA synthesis inhibitors: 1) DNA gyrase and topoisomerase inhibitors: 1) fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin); 2) RNA polymerase inhibitors (ansamycins: rifampicin, rifapentin, rifabutin, etc.); 3) inhibitors of DNA synthesis: riminophenazine (clofazimine); 4) folate inhibitors, predecessors of nucleic acids (paraaminosalicylic acid). D. Energy metabolism inhibitors: 1) ATP synthase inhibitors (diarylquinoline – bedacviline); 2) inhibits energy metabolism (pyrazinamide). E. Other targets: auranofin, metformin, artemisinin, chlorpromazine, verapamil, antimicrobial peptides, etc. The achievements in the discovery of anti-tuberculosis drugs open new perspectives to make significant therapeutic progress in the near future. This results from a deeper elucidation of the structure and life cycle of mycobacteria, the pathogenesis of infection, experimental methods for studying the mechanisms of action of antituberculosis drugs, as well as contemporary technologies for structural modeling of new substances.