The name ethnobotanics is somewhat improper, as they have nothing ethno- in the composition, as there is a small number of cases of products of vegetable origin, most of which are actually products synthesized in the laboratory. For these xenobiotics, the term new psychoactive substances ("NPS" or Novel Psychoactive Substances "NPS") is preferred. Multiple names ("street names", "slang") were used for NPS, as well as for the rest of the psychoactive, Romanian consumers having a prosperous jargon ("legal", "synthetic", " spikes', 'bath salts', 'chemicals', 'rat', 'lizard', 'crocodile' 'incense', 'plant fertilizer'). The statistics estimates that more than a quarter of the population aged 15-64 years in Europe (almost 100 million inhabitants) have used psychoactive substances at least once, and a real upward trend is observed. Compared to other substances of abuse, NPSs are not so frequently used due to some limiting factors (preferential use of some drugs, market availability of the product, legal interference). It is estimated that about half of all NPS users are between the ages of 16-24. Usual toxicological tests are not capable of identifying NPS. For toxicologists and law enforcement, this represents a significant challenge. Legislation needs to be adapted to accommodate the new wave of NPSs that are constantly emerging. It is noted, however, that the group of classic drugs (e.g.: cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, hallucinogens) was not replaced by NPS, but only supplemented. Thus, a fundamental global problem is taking shape, but especially acute and severe in Romania, with serious repercussions on the health, education and economic system.