The concept of causality reflects the complexity of the connection and interaction between cause and effect. The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as the “Hill criteria” for causality, are a group of nine principles that can be useful in establishing epidemiological evidence of a causal relationship between a putative cause and an observed effect, and have been widely used in research from the field of public health. Advanced tools and techniques that have developed in recent decades in all scientific disciplines have complemented the application and interpretation of the Bradford Hill criteria in noncommunicable diseases as well. The paper concerns the application of the Hill criteria in the 21st century, they were written as flexible guidelines or considerations intended to guide epidemiological investigations and aid in causal inference. As the world of epidemiologic research has changed and expanded, the criteria for determining causal inference must evolve similarly. Although the specific interpretations of each criterion have evolved over time, the concepts underlying each criterion can be applied to a variety of methodologies to answer questions of causation in the NCD field.