Introduction. Thyroid nodules are common thyroid disorders that harbor in 5-15% malignancy. The concern about thyroid nodules besides thyroid cancer, regards compressive symptoms and thyroid dysfunction. Surgical treatment of nodules is recommended as a final diagnostic tool or as a radical method of treatment. Material and methods. We have studied 124 patients with a mean age of 46,79 years, mostly females (n=104) that presented refractory to conservative treatment thyroid nodules, with signs of compression on near structures, and with suspicious signs of malignancy at echography, scintigraphy, and fine-needle aspiration that were subjected to surgical treatment. Results. According to the hyperplastic, thyroiditic, cystic, or neoplastic nature of the nodules were performed total (n=28) and subtotal (n=5) thyroidectomies, unilateral hemithyroidectomies (n=73), nodules enucleation (n=3), isthmectomies (n=3), combined - unilateral hemithyroidectomies and enucleation of the nodule or partial contralateral lobe resections (n=11) and total thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy (n=1). An intraoperative frozen section of thyroid tissue was done for the precision of malignant diagnosis and for providing the appropriate volume of thyroidectomies. Complications of the intra- and postoperative period were not determined, except for one patient who developed transient paresis of a recurrent laryngeal nerve due to posttraumatic edema, with complete recovery after one month. The recurrence of nodules was not registered. Conclusions. Surgical treatment of thyroid nodules is indicated especially in those with highly suspicious signs of malignancy, but must also be considered in benign nodules with compressive symptoms due to large size, rapid growth, and with hyperthyroidism signs. The volume of surgery should be decided with the patient toward organ-preserving procedures and minimal complications.