This paper provides an understanding of the foundational principles of the vision proposed by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), in particular, the foundational principles of the action-oriented approach. Such an approach may prepare the student for today’s dynamic workplace. Independent action in the workplace is fostered by independent action during education and training. Analysing some key terms, such as social agent and task, the article introduces the essential elements of the action-oriented approach. Through the new vision of the learner as a social agent, it examines the role that action plays in the construction of learning and provides a new understanding of the notion of task and its key role in language learning/teaching.