Mesenteric ischemia is defined as a component of the gastrointestinal ischemic diseases group, which is characterized by limit or definitely stops of intestinal perfusion, mainly caused by circulatory disturbances of abdominal aorta’s odd branches. Despite the fact that many authors consider mesenteric ischemia as a bowel obstruction directly associated pathology, though most scientists attributed the disease a singular character, positioning it as a separate disease. One of the current questions in the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia and its prevention is early identifying of structural disturbances and angioarchitectonic peculiarities not only in the arterial wall, but also of the entire vascular system of the ischemic zone. In determining these indices «purely vascular» it is primordial conducting comprehensive clinical and anatomical architectonic peculiarities of the superior mesenteric artery.