Cerebrovascular diseases are among the leading causes of cognitive impairment, especially in the elderly. Modern ideas about the etiology and pathoge-nesis of cognitive disorders (CD) are emphasized. Etiological factors in the deve-lopment of CT can be divided into genetic, socio-demographic, general risk factors for the development of vascular diseases, etc. Pathogenesis is multifactorial, cogni-tive decline develops as a result of destructive brain damage caused by cerebrovas-cular accidents. Currently, the most justified is the comprehensive approach: general examination, neurological, neuropsychological tests, laboratory, neuroimaging. The therapy is complex, it requires an analysis of the occurrence of different variants of cognitive deficit with the justification of the choice of therapeutic strategies.