The paper presents data on the diversity of butterflies from the “Pădurea Domnească” Nature Reserve. The investigations were carried out during 2021-2022 in different habitats of the reserve like forest, forest edge, meadows, glade etc. A total of 29 species of butterflies belonging to 23 genera and 5 families: Hesperiidae – 2 species, Pieridae – 6, Nymphalidae – 13, Lycaenidae – 6, Papilionidae – 1 and Riodinidae – 1 species were identified. Six rare butterflies species included in the III edition of the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova were highlighted: Parnassius mnemosyne, Hamearis Lucina, Apatura metis, Neptis sappho, Plebejus argyrognomon and Euphydryas maturna. The research demonstrate that the "Pădurea Domnească" reserve is an area of great importance for the conservation of biological diversity, and research in the reserve needs to be continued.