A retrospective analysis of 1907 case histories of premature infants who stayed in newborn resuscitation departments of the Institute of Mother and Child of the city of Chi.in.u, Republic of Moldova, for the period from 2004 to 2014 has shown that 1365 premature infants with extremely low birth weight were transported in uter and 542 premature infants were transferred to the resuscitation department of the centre after birth. Hospitalization of pregnant women with threatened preterm labour to a level III perinatal centre permits to offer qualified aid to premature infants who, being born in a level I or II perinatal centre, die in the majority of cases, or develop various complications during and after transportation. Management of preterm labour in level 3 hospitals ensures early preventive introduction of a surfactant as soon as in the maternity room, and also to perform resuscitation measures and post-resuscitation stabilisation according to modern protocols. In utero transportation significantly decreases the incidence of hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hyperbilirubinemia and intraventricular haemorrhages grade III.IV. Premature infants born in a level 3 perinatal hospital (transported in utero) survive more often and less frequently develop complications.