Water pollution is a serious environmental issue that affects the natural world and thus, also human health. Among the most impactful pollutants are heavy metals which are difficult to remove by conventional sorbents and bioaccumulate over time in the living organisms causing increased damage. Studies have shown that microorganisms are very effective in the removal of metal ions from wastewaters. However, up to date, the microbial-based metal uptake technology has not been upscaled. In order to successfully scale up at industrial level, environmental impact studies must be carried out in order to ensure the sustainability of the biosorption process. The purpose of the present study is the quantification of the environmental impact of Cd(II) removal from wastewaters by applying Arthrobacter viscosus bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast biomass through Life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA methodology was applied according to the ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, that are international standards with the fulfillment of all mandatory stages: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation. The data obtained was analyzed using Gabi software and by applying the ReCiPe 2016 method. The established functional unit was the treatment of 1 L of wastewater polluted with Cd(II) at a concentration of 25 mg/L. The results showed a higher total environmental impact in case of Cd(II) uptake using Arthrobacter viscosus (88.3 pers. equiv.) in comparison to the value obtained in case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (72 pers. equiv.). Furthermore, higher impact values were determined for the biosorbent obtained from the bacterium specie for each impact category. Thus, for both applied microorganisms the impact category with the highest quantified impact was ionizing radiation (IR) (20.6 pers. equiv. and 17 pers. equiv., respectively), while the lowest was obtained in case of stratospheric ozone depletion (SOD) (0.184 pers. equiv. and 0.153 pers. equiv., respectively). A significant difference considering the environmental impact was identified regarding the contribution to the total quantified impact of the main applied processes. In case of Arthrobacter viscosus, a higher impact was determined in case of the biosorbent preparation phase (92,53%). However, for the application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the highest value was identified for the biosorption process (79,61%), the biomass preparation stage having a much lower generated impact (15.71%). This is explained by the fact that in comparison with the preparation of the bacterial suspension, the biomass preparation phase of the yeast didn’t include the growth of the microorganism since it was obtained directly from industry. For both analyzed biosorption process flows the highest contribution among transport, process emissions and electricity were the one generated by the latter option. The current study thus shows the environmental impact of using two different types of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi, for Cd(II) removal from wastewaters through biosorption process. This research contributes to the development of the bioeconomy and of more environmentally-friendly wastewater treatment technologies that can remove metal ions even at low-concentrations.