For over a decade continues the spontaneous, in fact, the process of Moldavaian's integration into the world economy. The Moldavian government has gradually begun to master the tools of trade policy, but the fact that for most of the 2000s it used them very insecure and even clumsily, still has a negative impact on the state of the national economy. There are still many problems that require immediate solution in the trade and political sphere. The lack of the necessary Maldavian experience in national economic interests’ protection urgently requires a study of foreign practice in this area. The paper, from the historical perspective on each country, analyzes the use of a variety of ways to ensure national economic interests at different stages of economic development. In this case, more detailed is analyzed the basic ways of national interests’ protection, currently used, as well as security features of individual sectors of the economy. A particular attention is paid to the institutional system protection of the home market and export promotion. This publication is the first local research, which examines not just the WTO mechanisms, but also the practical experience of their use of both old and new members of the Organization.