This study refers to the deterioration of the Soviet-Romanian relations in the context of a more general European political crisis marked by the assertion of fascist supremacy in international affairs amid a pronounced weakness of the Versailles system. Our intention was to highlight the efforts of the Romanian diplomats to maintain good neighborly relations with the Soviet Union while preserving Romania’s traditional alliances; alas, these efforts had to face a increasingly revisionist Germany (with large economic interests in Romania ) that was putting huge pressure on the Romanian state in order to attract it on the Axis side and to make the Romanians give up any prospect of an alliance with the USSR. An important segment of this study is being dedicated to analyze the way in which the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact influenced Romanian-Soviet relations on the eve of Second World War, and to its direct consequences: the ultimatums of 26 and 28 June, after which the USSR occupied Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertza.