The large number of studies in this field demonstrates the contribution that materials science and tehnnology have to the valorization of wood artifacts or which contains wood in their structural components. This being an organic material least resistant to environmental factors, in to attack by xilofage insects and mold or by exposure to moisture and natural light excessive. Attention is environmentally preferable materials modern and compatible processes the intervention agency and with high efficiency. In work shall be presented to the correlation between the environmental factors and developmental effects of damage and degradation, through the elucidation of the mechanisms of the processes that are the basis of them with a view to the completion of protocols for effective work for the preservation and restoration of the affected artifacts, which may not be shown or displayed in museums or tours.