This paper is beginning by describing the main water related diseases that affect people all over the world. The illnesses are divided into two main categories: infectious and non-contagious. Water related diseases that affect the Moldavian population from rural areas are mostly non-contagious and are related to the contamination of water wells with nitrates. So this paper will treat in detail methemoglobinemia’s causes, symptoms, vulnerable people and the zones from Moldavian area that are mostly affected by this disease. Because the most efficient way to prevent the apparition of methemoglobinemia is to supply the population with water from the centralized water supply systems, the status of water distribution infrastructure from the mentioned area will be analyzed