Environment and pollution are some of the key topics today, since they are directly related to our life quality. The need for energy is continuously growing and even though more and more countries try to apply on larger scale ecological technologies for energy production, their cost- efficiency rate is not yet good enough and the production capacity is not yet high enough as to eliminate the other, so-called classical energy production methods. Thus, nuclear technology remains one very important energy production means worldwide, especially for those countries which do not possess enough rivers or conventional fuels for hydro and thermal energy production. This paper deals with the study of the evolution of nuclear capacity of some of the most developed countries as related to the risk of nuclear accidents and with their consequences, as compared to the risks involved by the other energy production technologies.