The considerable expansion of the forests in the mountainous regions of Romania was favored by several factors. The Romanian Carpathians occupy an area of 66300 km², 28% of Romanian territory being represented by mountains of medium height, bordered almost entirely in the boreal forest and nemoral from 400 - 500m at 1600 altitude. The case study indicates that the function and evolution of forest in the basin depression of Câmpulung Moldovenesc took place in conditions of thermal inversions, and the thermal differences caused by the exposition radically opposed to the two main slopes of the valley Moldova. The deforestations in low area of the depression were more intense than in the mountains and were mainly made for new grazing land, and for habitat expansion. Agrarian reforms of 1864 and 1920 affected most forests in the hilly area, especially following the allotment and communal pastures extension deforestation. The reduction of forest areas of Romania continued after the political changes of 1989, due to irrational and sometimes illegal mining, which were practiced amid crumbling forestlands through partial repayment of former private property and the lack of enforcement authority and tolerance massive felling of forests.