The studying of No-Till technology in comparison with traditional on chernozem soils of foreststeppes of Western Siberia has shown that formation on the soil surface of a mulch leads to changes in species composition of weed component of spring wheat agrocenosis. Insignificant strengthening of development of root rot, powdery mildew, brown leaf rust of wheat and increase of wheat thrips number was shown at direct seeding on untreated stubble. On the contrary, infestation by Septoria diseases of wheat, damage of intrastem pests and in some years, cereal flea beetle colonisation, decreased. When optimizing the phytosanitary situation in spring wheat crops against pests, diseases and weeds the significant differences between the technologies it isn't revealed. Spring wheat yield was equal or slightly higher on the No-Till technology compared with the conventional