Pollution of soil and air, industrial and domestic waste disposal, application of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture influence the quality of surface waters and groundwater receivers. Together with accelerated extraction of groundwater, the significance of groundwater chemical quality also increases relative to its economic value and usefulness. The pollution of surface and groundwater could have a negative impact upon the ecosystems and population health and an attentive monitoring is imposed, especially in urban communities and industrial zones. In this paper we present a review of results of the analysis of some surface water samples from the Lower DanubePrut rivers basin (Galati county, SE part of Romania), groundwater and wastewater, using various analytical methods. The spectrometric, electrochemical and optical determinations were carried out at INPOLDE research center of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati for: turbidity, nutrients, oxygen regime (dissolved oxygen, CCO-Mn, CCO-Cr, CBO5), mineralization grade (pH, conductivity), volumetric determinations (alkalinity, chlorides) and toxicological analyses (phenols, heavy metals, beta radioactivity). The obtained results for the concentrations of heavy metals and physical-chemical parameters in water samples were generally found within the Romanian admissible values for surface and drinking water. On-going measurements are performed regarding the quality of tap and underground water from Galati town and some localities of Galati County and the assessment of the health risk for the population in the target region due to ingestion of water. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the funding from ENI project eMS code BSB27 MONITOX (2018-2021), JOP Black Sea Basin 2014-2020,and ENPI project MIS ETC 1676 (2013-2015), JOP Romania-Ukraine-Republic of Moldova 20072013.