Currently, the main way for transportation of crude oil and petroleum products are pipelines. The main wastes of transportartation process are the deposition of the heavy oil and inorganic matter in the interior of the pipeline. The amount of these deposits, called in technical literature as a WAX depends on the properties and conditions of transmission oil, as well as environment temperature. In this report the results of studies of the composition and properties of WAX using atomic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, chromatography, infrared spectroscopy derivatography, scan- electron microscopy, gamma spectrometry and chemical analysis. Detected hydrocarbon composition and molecular structure of the organic part of WAX, elemental composition, the concentration of radionuclides and heavy metals. It was found that only 18-20% WAX is heavy hydrocarbons which contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The remainder portion has a high thermal resistance, which can not be decomposed even at 900C. WAX concentration of hydrocarbons in the composition of the 50 mg/g, from less than 5% is not much. The hydrocarbons content of WAX have been identified by chromatography and mass-spectrometer. It is shown that the composition of the C10-C40 hydrocarbons, the amount of its 15.0 g / kg, which is majority (85%), C20-C40 hydrocarbons. By the mass-spectrometric method was identified about 50 hydrocarbons in the WAX, 35 have been determined by the concentration. Paraffin hydrocarbons (C10 - C40), molecular weight distribution and has established that the C12-C25 hydrocarbons refers to the maximum density. PAH Content of WAX composition varies 0.032-22,5 mg / kg, which is ten times lower than in the petroleum tar. Highest metal concentration (mg / kg) in the composition of the WAX are Ba (532), Cr (512), Cu (174), V (247), Ni (50 1), Pb (123).