Stability and development of herpetofauna communities in the current conditions are determined not only by natural factors, but also largely by anthropogenic ones. Communities of amphibians and reptiles, historically formed in Nistru – Prut interfluve space, are representatives of three biogeographic regions and constitute 16.5% and 9.7% of Europe’s herpetofauna complex. Most of the local populations are located at the periphery of species spreading areas and are characterized by an accentuated fragmentation of distribution, having at the same time a high degree of vulnerability. Endangered species of amphibians and reptiles constitute --- and 64% (compared to the European level these indices are 22.9% and 19.4%). Our investigations and analysis of previous publications shows that in the last 50 years the areas of many amphibians and reptiles species have been reduced considerably, while some have extended their spreading. In the current conditions of the Republic of Moldova the leading role in preserving the diversity of herpetofauna have the natural ecosystems, but they are also directly or indirectly influenced by many factors of anthropogenic origin or climatic ones, causing changes in the structure and functioning of historically formed communities. These changes are primarily related to the transformation, reduction and fragmentation of natural habitats and are characterized by the appearance of areas of the mosaic type and of isolated micropopulations in the species more susceptible to environmental changes. For example, the area of four-lined snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata, Lacepede, 1989) in recent years has considerably reduced, currently consisting of several micropopulations that occupy 10-100 ha land situated at distances of 100-200 km. Such spread is also particular for Caspian whipsnake (Coluber caspius, Gmelin 1789) and common viper (Vipera berus, Linnaeus, 1758). The process of these changes in the last 20 years has been accelerated by such factors as: removal of some land from the complex of natural areas and their use for the construction of villas, without respecting ecological principles; overgrazing of steppe sectors and of forest ecotones, where the highest diversity of reptiles is concentrated. Draining and sewerage of wet meadows, formation of new agrocoenoses has led to the reducing of reptiles and amphibians diversity (in some habitats out of 5-10 species remained only 1-2), and in some places to their complete disappearance. As a result of reckless social and economic reforms in recent years a number of anthropogenic factors has appeared, which negatively (in some cases positively) influence on animal populations. Considering the current state of herpetofauna complex, the character and influence of various factors on of amphibians and reptiles populations, there were developed a number of measures that will ensure the preservation of their diversity in terms of contemporary agricultural landscape. The main directions in the field of conservation and monitoring are environmental information and education of people, improving scientific basis for conservation, improvement of administrative legislative and control of biodiversity conservation. On the other hand, the application of some practical measures (protection of existing natural habitats, creating the ecological network and underground crossings, reproduction of endangered species in conditions of captivity, establishment of new protected areas, ecological education etc.) will help maintain the specific diversity of herpetofauna complex and ceasing if its degradation. In order to preserve rare species is necessary to maintain the natural appearance of some important areas in this regard. The first step in this direction is to protect, restore and correct approach to managing sectors potential for maintaining the diversity of reptiles and amphibians. The work was performed within the fundamental project 15.187.0211F at the Institute of Zoology of A.S.M.