The North Development Region of Moldova includes 11 districts and the municipality of Bălți, had according to the 2014 census 826776 inhabitants. The total number of localities is 572. Population of the region is ethnically diverse, reflecting the historical and geographical evolution of recent centuries. There is an ethnogeographical specificity of the region, which includes an ethnic majority and several minorities, which have undergone demographic changes in recent centuries. Thus, the majority of the population in all administrative units, as well as in the most localities, is made up of ethnic Moldovans / Romanians, although their share exceeds 90% only in Soroca district. An absolute majority of over 80% is also formed in the districts of Dondușeni, Drochia, Fălești, Floresti and Singerei. The lowest percentage is in Bălți municipality (63.5%) and Ocnița district (63%). Among the ethnic minorities, most numerous are the Ukrainians, constituting 13.3% of the total population. The Russians, 37736, make up 4.56%. As in the case of Ukrainians, their origin is diverse, some being established before the 19 century, while other settled during the Russian Empire and the USSR time, especially in urban areas. The Roma form a well-known and widespread ethnic group in several urban and rural localities. The specificity of this ethnic group is that many do not declare themselves in censuses as such, as well as have an increased mobility. Among other ethnic groups we can mention the Poles, reviewed in number of 817 people, mostly in Stîrcea locality from Glodeni district. An important ethnic group that in the first half of the 20 century formed the majority of the population in a number of localities, were Jews. Currently, their number is insignificant and only in some of the urban localities. Also Germans formed the majority until 1940 in a few rural settlements. Other ethnic groups are 3808 people or 0.46%, among them being Belarusians, Tatars, Bulgarians, Gagauz, Azeris, Armenians etc. In the paper is presented detailed evolution and distribution of the ethnic groups during the last centuries, with the focus on the interwar and actual periods, reflected in the maps with detailed description of every settlement according to ethnic structure.