Vetches are excellent fodder crops and have long been cultivated in some countries. The purpose of this abstract is to provide a brief overview of vetch species attracted to selection in Russia in our days. The FAO includes Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) among the 11 most important pulses in the world. This species is the most used in Russia. In total four vetch species have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation (as of 20.02.2018). Common vetch and Hairy vetch (V. villosa Roth) are traditional for use in the Russian Federation for a long time. Tufted vetch (V. cracca L.) and Bitter vetch (V. ervilia (L.) Willd.) have been comparatively recently offered for use. Unfortunately Hungarian vetch (V. pannonica Crantz) is not cultivated last times in Russia after many years in use. Forty three varieties of Common vetch and one variety of Hairy vetch use for spring sowing, and seven varieties of Hairy vetch are winter ones. Three varieties of Tufted vetch included in 2000, 2001, 2009 and one variety of Bitter vetch included in 2011 are listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties every vetch variety has its region or their regions from twelve ones in the Russian Federation recommended for cultivation. Thirty six subjects are originators/patent holders of their varieties of vetches. It is remarkable that 2017 year became the first year when one variety of vetch belonging to foreign holder was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation. The vetch collection of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources is the main source of seed material involving in domestic breeding programs. Diversity of vetches in the VIR where more than five and half thousand accessions of manifold species from all over the world are safekept have an interest for the present and the future. Concerning the cultivated species, about three thousand of V. sativa, four hundred of V. villosa, five hundred of V. ervilia, tens of V. cracca accessions are available for breeders. Accessions are regenerated and a few of them are studied in the VIR. Multiplication and study of V. ervilia and perennials were carried out in ecological conditions of the Branch Ekaterinino Experimental Station of VIR in Tambov region. Regarding perennials there are more than two hundred plots of perennial vetch species in Tambov region (as of 2017). Many of them in Russia as well as annuals are natural components of the meadow and pasture phytocenoses and have undisclosed potential for introduction.