Since N. I. Vavilov‘s times one of the essential tasks of Vavilov Institute is expanding the cultivation of the crops to the north of Russia. Among the diversity of grain legumes in VIR collection are many early-maturing genotypes, suitable for cultivation in relatively northern regions compared to the traditional production areas. Exploration of early maturated soybean gene pool has been carried out in the location situated much more to the North from the border of modern agronomic area of the crop. For today it is the northernmost point of soybean management – the North-West of European part of Russian Federation – near SaintPetersburg (59^o44' n. l., 30^o 23' e.l.). This environment is extreme for soybean. 1238 accessions classified as very early and early maturated. At least 50 varieties are found as capable of forming seed yield in this environment. This gene pool is characterized by tolerance to cool temperature in early stages of ontogenesis, weak response to photoperiod during blooming, and seed yield not very much dependening on high summer temperatures. Common bean investigation at the same region revealed the accessions of bush forms with high productivity of green pods. The most of the accessions studied delayed flowering on long-day compared to short one in average at 4.5 days. The varieties with almost neutral reaction to photoperiod were dominated. It has been stated that the main limiting factor for the production of beans in Leningrad region is not a photoperiod, but the temperature. The cold-tolerant genotypes are searching in a gene pool. The assessment of early-maturing chickpea accessions have been evaluated in the Central Russia (Tambov region). At least 180 accessions of different geographical origin, capable of forming seeds in this environment, have been identified. The sources of early maturation, high seed productivity, suitability for mechanized harvesting, resistance to fusarium and high protein content have being selected for breeding for the region. Broadening the agronomic areas of the crops is the actual task because of climate warming, demands of market, occurence of soil erosion and pollution in the traditional production regions and diversification of crop using.