In the article we want to trace the on the status of the traditional Moldavan costume in the process of significant transformations at the level of mentality and attitudes towards it in 1945–1956, as well as during the period of constant minimization of the contribution of authentic costume to the formation and development of the society based one the fact that the costume is one of the indicators of the national identity. The study assesses this transformation process by analyzing the characteristics of the interaction of traditional costume with new aspects of civilization, with new types of aesthetic norms and considerations that formed the basis for creating a new visual image and, accordingly, the emergence of a new „national costume” styled and adapted according to the stage costume, as well as by analyzing the forms and mechanisms of its promotion at various cultural events, thereby identifying the reasons for the gradual destruction of the traditional Moldovan costume. In its status, established in the second half of the twentieth century, the traditional festive and everyday costume will be perceived only as an element intersecting with social ideas and political ideals of the time. A review of the publications of 1945-1956, in combination with data obtained from informants and as a result of field research, leads to the conclusion that the traditional costume was systematically destroyed, which is one of the most noticeable consequences of acculturation.