A review of literature reflects, from the contemporary scientific standpoint the problems of incidence, predisposition, etiology and the pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Historically, at different times the developmental theories were based on chemical, imflammatory, vascular, motor-evacuant, neurotrophic, cortico-visceral, stress, endocrine with gastrointestinal hormones and biogenic amines, immunological and infectional (HP) approaches.