This article examines the emergence and evolution of wealth tax, as well as the issues related to the applicability of this taxation mechanism. At the same time, we will make an association of the application of this taxation instrument in the Republic of Moldova with the best-known practices of other countries, as well as the tendency to harmonize and adapt the need for this mechanism to nowadays realities. The importance of studying the application of the imposition mechanism of wealth tax in the Republic of Moldova results from the act of signing of the European Union Association Agreement and the tendency to align the country with international standards and practices. In the context of the above mentioned, tax legislation requires a revision and adjustment to international practices, taking into account the varied and long experience of applying this tax instrument by countries that have gone through the same stages leading to the harmonization of imposition system that today is applied in fiscal system of the Republic of Moldova. The research on wealth tax in the Republic of Moldova in terms of its evolution and application is to be carried out through the combined application of classical research methods: the method of deduction and analysis, as well as the historical research method, necessary to investigate the historical background that may be the basis for explaining current decisions, can provide information to facilitate understanding of taxation mechanism. In the final part of the research, the opportunity and the need of taking into consideration international practices in order to continue the harmonization of the fiscal legislation of the Republic of Moldova regarding the imposition of wealth tax, its analysis from the perspective of two criteria: the efficiency and the ethical criteria, is established.