The system of compulsory medical assistance insurance in the Republic of Moldova operates, in general, based on the principle of contribution, with service beneficiaries being obliged to pay medical insurance premiums. At the same time, there are categories of people for whom the Government has the quality of insurance. In this study, we propose to approach the principle of equality through the lens of the obligation to pay medical insurance premiums. In this context, we have established several objectives: the identification of the persons obliged to insure themselves individually, the establishment of the categories of persons for whom the Government has the capacity to be insured and the highlighting of the justifying and objective element in the process of applying the differentiated treatment in relation to the persons who pay the insurance premium. In order to carry out the research, multiple methods were used: analysis, synthesis, logic, comparison.