The safety of the medical act is a patient’s right, which involves minimizing the risk of unnecessary damage in medical care, thus medical workers become fully responsible for error prevention. At the same time, at an international level there is more and more evidence about the harm caused to patients as a result of inadequate medical care, where the irrational use of medicines is among the frequent causes. This problem was also identified through an extensive research carried out in hospitals and primary care medical institutions in the Republic of Moldova. The article describes the causes of the low level of monitoring of the rational use of medicines both at the central and institutional level. The authors identify the existing normative gaps, as well as the respective solutions to improve the situation.